Network Protocols
Inyandiko z'Isomo
Network Protocols Niki?
Ni itsinda ry'amategeko (set of rules) agenga uko amakuru ahererekanywa hagati y'ibikoresho biri kuri network.
Mbese ni nk'ururimi rusanzwe, mudasobwa zikoresha zihererekanya amakuru.
Protocols zingenzi
1. Internet Protocol (IP)
Niyo iha IP address buri gikoresho kiri kuri interineti.
2. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).
Isuzuma nimba amakuru yose yoherejwe, yagezeyo neza byuzuye.
3. User Data Protocol (UDP)
Ni protocol yihuta cyane, yohereza amakuru, ariko ntisuzume ko yageze aho yoherejwe neza; ntago iyakurikirana.
4. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Ikoreshwa mu kuzana web pages muri web browser.
5. HTTPS (HTTP Secure)
Ni HTTP ariko yo ihindura amakuru muburyo bukomeye, kuburyo atapfa kugerwaho nabatayafiteho uburenganzira (encrypt data).
6. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Ikoreshwa mu kohereza ama emails.
7. POP3 (Post Office Protocol)
Idanulodinga emails.
8. Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
Ituma mesaje isomerwa kuri interineti, bidasabye bubanza kuyidanulodinga.
9. Domain Name System (DNS)
Ihindura domain name, mo IP address.
Domain name: ni izina runaka ryihariye, rya website iri kuri WWW. Uryanika muri web browser kugirango ugere kumakuru yiyo website ifite iryo zina.
Iyo wanditse iryo zina muri browser, DND ihita irihinduramo IP address, kugirango haboneke amerekezo (address yiyo website).
10. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Iha IP address buri gikoresho kigeze kuri interineti. Itabikoze, byazajya bisaba ko igikoresho gihabwa IP address bikozwe n'umuntu (manually).
11. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Ishakish MAC address yigikoresho, ikoresheje IP address yacyo.
MAC address
MAC Address: Media Access control Address
Ni ikirango/amaerekezo ya buri Network Interface Card ya buri gikoresho runaka kiri kuri network.
Itandukaniro ry MAC address na IP address
- MAC Address: iba yarashyizwe muri NIC y'igikoresho muruganda rwayikoze, ntago ijya ihinduka.
- IP address: irahindagurika buri uko igikoresho kigeze kuri network, ariko MAC address yo ikaguma ari yayindi.
12. Secure Shell (SSH)
Ni protocol ifite umutekano, ikoreshwa na mudasobwa, kugirango yinjire mu yindi mudasobwa. Mbese kuburyo wareba amakuru ari muri mudasobwa runaka, ariko winjiriye muyindi.
13. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Ikoreshwa mu kwaplodinga no kudanulodinga amakuru hagati ya za mudasobwa. Ntago iri secure, keretse ukoresheje Secure FTP (SFTP).
14. Internet Control Message protocol (ICMP)
Ikoreshwa mu gusuzuma ko network ihari, kandi ko idafite ibibazo, niyo imenya ko network ihari cyangwa idahari; iyo idahari, igatanga mesaje ko nta network ihari.