Amoko ya Mudasobwa

Amoko ya Mudasobwa (Computer Classifications)

1.Amoko ya Mudasobwa, hagendewe kubunini bwazo (Classification of Computer, by Size)

A.Super Computers

Zikora igikorwa cy'ubwoko bumwe kinini, zikagikora kumuvuduko wo hejuru cyane.

• Ni bwa mudasobwa butunganya amakuru, kumuvuduko wo hejuru cyane, bufite nimbara nyinshi.
• Zikoreshwa mubushakashatsi bwa science, mwiteganyagihe ry'ikirere, no kwiga isanzure, no gutunganya amakuru akomeye mugisirikare (military).
• Zirahenze cyane kandi ifite
• ingano nini.

Urugero: mudasobwa zitunganya amakuru y'iteganyagihe ry'ikirere.

B.Mainframe Computers

Zikora ibikorwa bito byinshi bitandukanye, biri kubera mugihe kimwe kandi vuba.

• Ni mudasobwa zifite imbaraga (powerful)
• Zikoreshwa na ma banki (banks) manini, kubibuga by'indege (airlines), na ma goverinoma (governments).
• Zitunganya amakuru menshi cyane mugihe kimwe. Muri banki, umubare wabakiriya bakora ibikorwa bitandukanye kumakonte yabo mugihe kimwe nibenshi cyane. Nko kubitsa amafaranga no kuyabikuza nizindi serivisi. Mudasobwa za mainframe, nizo zifite ubwo bushobozi bwo gutunganya izo serivisi zose mugihe kimwe.
• Nazo nini, ariko ninto kuri super computer.

Urugero: mudasobwa zitunganya ubusabe bwabakiriya muri za banki (bank transaction systems)

C.Minicomputers

• Ninto kuri mainframes
• Zikoreshwa n'ibigo bitari binini cyane, nko mubigo by'amashuri (college), ama kaminuza (universities) nka seriveri (server).
• Zikoreshwa nazo zitunganya amakuru menshi mugihe kimwe.

Urugero: seriveri ya kaminuza.

D.Microcomputers (Personal Computers (PC))

• Ni ubwonko bwa mudasobwa zisanzwe, zifite nabantu benshi.
• Ikoreshwa n'umuntu kugiti cye.
• Harimo desktops, laptops na smartphones.

Urugero: tephone cyangwa mudasobwa utunze.

2.Amoko ya mudasobwa, hagendewe kucyo zaremewe gukora (classification of computers, by purpose)

A.General-Prpose Computers

Ni mudasobwa, zarusange zikora imirimo nyinshi itandukanye. Nko gutypinga, kubrowsinga, kwiga, gukora porogaramu

Urugero: laptop, smartphones.

B.Special-Purpose Computers

Ni mudasobwa zagenewe, gukora umurimo umwe gusa wumwihariko, ntago zakora indi mirimo.

Urugero: ATM, washing machine controller.

3.Amoko ya mudasobwa hagendewe kuburyo zikoresha zitunganya amakuru (classification of computers, by data handling method)

A.Analogue computers

• Zikorana n'amakuru ari continuous (continuous data).
• Zipima physical values nk'ubushyuhe (temperature), Pressure.

Urugero: Analog Thermometer.

Continuous data

Ni amakuru afite agaciro (value) kagenda gahindagurika, bitewe intera runaka.

Urugero: ushobora gupima ubushyuhe ahantu runaka buri kuri 35°C, ariko hashira akanya gato, ugasanga buri kuri 35.2°C kandi ahantu hamwe.

Ariko noneho tugira amakuru ari discrete (discrete data).

Discrete data

Ni amakuru, abonwa agaciro kayo abazwe mumibare ihamye idahindagurika.

Urugero: umubare w'absnyeshuri bari mwishuri. (bashobora kuba 30 cyangwa 31 ariko ntibazigera baba 31.5).

Ariko continuous data, agaciro kayo karapimwa. Agaciro ka k'ubushyuhe (temperature) bwahantu runaka, kaba 23°C, mukanya kakaba 25°C, mukandi kanya kakaba 18°C. Niyo mpamvu Ari continuous kuko atagira agaciro gahamye, bikomeza nihindagurika.

B.Digital computers

• Zikorana n'imibare (0 na 1) gusa, nyibishobora kuba 0.5 cyangwa undi mubare wose uri hagati.
• Mudasobwa nyinshi rigezweho niza digital.

Urugero: laptop na smartphones.

C.Hybrid computers

• Ni mudasobwa zifitemo uburyo bwa Analog na digital.
• Zikoreshwa mubuvuzi n'ubushakashatsi bwa science.

Urugero: igikoresho gifata ibipimo by'umutima kwamuganga (hospital heart monitor).