TCP/IP

IP (Internet Protocol) Niki?

Ni protocol igaragaza amerekezo (IP address) ya buri gikoresho kiri kuri interineti, kugirango amakuru amenye aho ajya, kandi aho agiye nahagera, naho hamenye aho yavuye.

Mbese ni itsinda ry'amategeko agenga uko ibikoresho biri kuri interineti byoherezanya amakuru.

Ibyo ikora:

• Igaragaza IP address, kuri buri gikoresho kiri kuri interineti.
• Icagagura amakuru yoherejwe mo, uduce twinshi twitwa packets.
• Ikohereza izo packets aho zigomba kujya.

Packets

Mbere yuko amakuru yoherezwa aho agiye, Internet Protocol (IP), irabanza ikayacagagura mo uduce duto. Utwo duce nitwo twitwa packets.

Icyitonderwa:

• Internet Protocol (IP) ntabwo itanga igihamya cyuko packets zoherejwe zageze aho zoherejwe (destination) neza muburyo bwuzuye.
• Ntabwo isuzuma ko packets zageze aho zoherejwe k'umurongo (in correct order).
• Ntabwo isuzuma ko packets zahageze inshuro imwe, ko ntazaba zagiye inshuro zirenze imwe (it does not check packet duplication).
• Ntanubwo isuzuma ko packets zageze aho zoherejwe, ari ntakosa ribayeho (do not check transmission errors).
• Yo, irohereza gusa, ariko ntikurikirane ibyo yohereje (do not track transmitted packets).
• Yo, igaragaza IP address y'igikoresho cyohereje amakuru, na IP address y'igikoresho kiribwakire amakuru, ariko nta gihamya itanga nyuma ko amakuru yageze aho yoherejwe (no sent confirmation).

Ibibazo biba bishobora kubaho, mu kohereza amakuru kuri interineti

• Amakuru aba ashobora gutakara (data loss), bitewe na network congestion.
• Packets ziba zishobora kugera aho zoherejwe mukavuyo, zidakurikiranye nkuko zacagaguwe.
• Hari packets ziba zishobora kugera aho zoherejwe, inshuro zirenze imwe.
• Hari amakuru aba ashobora gutakaza umwimerere wayo ari munzira agenda.

Igisubizo kuri ibyo bibazo byose

Igisubizo ni Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Ibyo TCP ikora:

• Gusuzuma nimba packets zageze aho zoherejwe neza (checks if packets arrive).
• Kongera kohereza packets zabuze (resends missing packets).
• Gutondeka pckets kumurongo (arranges packets in the correct order).
• Gusuzuma nimba ihererekanyamakuru ryizewe (ensures reliable communication).

Niyo mpamvu TCP/IP bikoreshwa hamwe.

Ibyo abantu bakunda kwitiranya

IP na DHCP

• (IP) Internet Protocol: igaragaza IP address y'igikoresho cyohereje amakuru, na IP address y'igikoresho kirakira amakuru.
• DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): Niyo iha IP address buri gikoresho kigeze kuri network.