Data Storage (Memories)

Data storage devices ni ibikoresho bibika amakuru (data), amadosiye (documents), amashusho na ma progaramu.

Amoko abiri (2) y'ingenzi ya data storage

• Primary Data Storage
• Secondary Data storage

1. Primary Data Storage

Ni ububiko CPU ikoresha ako kamwanya, bukora vuba cyane.

A. Random Access Memory (RAM)

• Ibika amakuru yose, mudasobwa iri gukoresha ako kamwanya, harimo ama porogaramu yose nibindi byose biri gukorwa na CPU muri mudasobwa.
• Amakuru abikwa igihe gito, mugihe ari gukoreshwa na CPU gusa. Iyo mudasobwa izimye, amakuru ahita asibwa muriyo, cyangwa nkiyo ufunze porogarmu runaka yakoraga, amakuru yayo yose asibwa muri RAM.
• RAM ni volatile, volatile bivuzeko iyo umuriro ugiye, ibyari biyiho byose bihita bibura.
• Amabwiriza ayishyirwaho, iri gukorwa muruganda.

Amoko ya ROM

A.PROM (Programmable ROM)

Ishobora kongera guhabwa amabwiriza (programmed) inshuro imwe gusa nyuma yuko ivuye muruganda.

B.EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM)

Amabwiriza ayiriho ashobora gusibwa, ikongera guhamwa andi bundi bushya (reprogrammed again) hakoreshejwe urumuri rwitwa Ultraviolet.

C. EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM)

Amabwiriza ashobora gusibwa, akongera gushyirwaho hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi (electricity).

ROM na RAM

ROM

• Ibika amabwiriza (instructions) igihe kirekire (permanantly).
• Amakuru agumaho niyo mudasobwa yazima.
• Ibika amabwiriza yukuntu mudasibwa yaka iyo icanwe.

RAM

• Ibika amakuru byakanya gato (temporaly).
• Amakuru arabura iyo mudasobwa izimye.
• Ibika porogaramu ziba zifunguye ako kamwanya gusa.

B.Cache Memory

Ni ububiko wihuse kuri CPU, ishyiramo amakuru ikunda gukoresha kenshi

• Butuma CPU itagorwa no kurebamo amakuru, kuko cache memory iri hafi ya CPU.
• Ifasha CPU gukora vuba.

C.Read Only Memory (ROM)

• Ibika amabwiriza (instructions) yingenzi igihe kirekire (permanently), abwira mudasobwa uburyo yakamo, igihe uyicanye.
• Ibitse amabwiriza ya BIOS / UEFI, asuzuma ko haradware z'ingenzi zose zicometse kuri mudasobwa iyo uyifunguye.
• Ninayo mabwiririza kura Operating Syatem kuri HDD, akayishyira muri RAM.
• Iri non-vlotile: iyo umuriro ugiye (outage), ntabwo amabwiriza abitseho abura.

Operating System (OS): ni porogaramu ifunguka bwa mbere, iyo ucanye mudasobwa. Idahari ntayindi porogaramu ishobora gukora, kuko izindi zose ubona uburyo bwo kuzifungura gusa, iyo OS iri kuri HDD / SSD, yafungutse yagiye muri RAM.

2. Secondary Data Storage

Ni ububiko bubika amakuru igihe kirekire, avaho gusa iyo asibwe kubushake.

A. Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

• Ifite ibice biba bigenda bizenguruka.
• Ikoreshwa muri mudasobwa za kera.

B. Solid State Drive (SSD)

• Ikora vuba cyane kurusha HDD. Gukora vuba ubwo bisobanuyeko, CPU biyorohera kubona no gusoma amakuru ayibitseho.
• Irahenze kandi kurusha HDD.
• Ikoreshwa muri mudasobwa zigezweho.

C. USB Drive

Ni igikoresho kibika amakuru, kimeze nkakabaho gato.

D. Memory Card

Ni agakoresho gato hafi kungana n'urwara kabika amakuru, gakunda gukoreshwa muri camera, telephone ntoya na za kamera (camera).

E. External HDD

Ni HDD yo hanze ya mudasobwa, icomekwa kuri mudasobwa hakoreshejwe urutsinga.

3. Cloud Storage

• Amakuru abikwa kuri interineti.
• Uba ugomba kuba ufite interineti, kugirango uyagereho.

Urugero: Google Drive.

Itandukaniro rya HDD na SSD

HDD

• Igira ibice bigenda byikaraga.
• Nini mungano.
• Iratinda, bisobanuyeko CPU ibona ikanasoma amakuru ayibitseho, buhoro.

SSD

• Nta bice bigenda byikaraga ifite.
• Ni nto mungano.
• Irihuta cyane, bisonanuyeko CPU ireba ikanasoma amakuru ayibitseho vuba cyane.